Winter C, Cameron J. 2006. ‘The “stages” model of labour: Deconstructing the myth’ British Journal of Midwifery. Vol 14, Issue 8, pp454-6
The first stage
Kavanagh J, Kelly AJ, Thomas J. 2003. ‘Sexual intercourse for cervical ripening and induction of labour’ Cochrane Review, The Cochrane Library. Issue 1. Oxford Update software
Lauzon L, Hodnett ED. 2001. ‘Labour assessment programs to delay admission to labour wards’ Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000936
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National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. 2007. ‘Intrapartum care: care of healthy women and their babies during childbirth’ Clinical guideline. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Press.
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The second stage
Fraser DM, Cooper MA. eds. 2009. Myles Textbook for Midwives 15th Edition. Churchill Livingstone: Elsevier. pp461-465, pp467-71. pp493-496, pp487-488, p510, pp520-522, pp755-756
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2011. ‘Operative vaginal delivery’ Clinical Guidelines. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Press.
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Simkin P, Ancheta R. 2011. ‘Prolonged second stage of labour’ Chapter 6 in The labor progress handbook. 3rd ed. Wiley-Blackwell. pp185-6
The third stage
Begley CM, Gyte GML, Murphy DJ, et al 2010. ‘Active versus expectant management for women in the third stage of labour’ Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 7. Art. No.: CD007412
McDonald SJ, Middleton P. 2008. ‘Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes’ Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 2.
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The placenta
Abdel-Aleem H, Abdel-Aleem MA, Shaaban OM. 2011. ‘Tocolysis for management of retained placenta’ Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 1.
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Chongsomchai C, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M. 2006. ‘Prophylactic antibiotics for manual removal of retained placenta in vaginal birth’ Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 2.
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Hong JW, Lee WJ, Hahn SB, et al 2010. ‘The effect of human placenta extract in wound healing model’ Annals of Plastic Surgery. Vol 65 (1) pp96-100
Nardin JM, Weeks A, Carroli G. 2011. ‘Umbilical vein injection for management of retained placenta’ Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 5.
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Prolonged labour
Zhang J, Troendle JF, Yancey MK. 2002. ‘Reassessing the labor curve in nulliparous women’ American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Vol 187 (4) pp824-8
Breaking the waters
Smyth RMD, Alldred SK, Markham C. 2007. ‘Amniotomy for shortening spontaneous labour’ Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 4
Assisted birth
Birth Choice UK. ‘Hospitals with highest and lowest instrumental delivery rates. AND Instrumental delivery rates country comparison’
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O’Mahony F, Hofmeyr GJ, Menon V. 2010. ‘Choice of instruments for assisted vaginal delivery’ Cochrane Database of Systematic Review. Issue 11
Simkin P, Ancheta R. 2011. Prolonged second stage of labour. Chapter 6 in The labor progress handbook. Third edition. Wiley-Blackwell pp185
After an assisted delivery
Maclennan AH, Taylor AW, Wilson DH, et al 2000. ‘The prevalence of pelvic floor disorders and their relationship to gender, age, parity and mode of delivery’ International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Vol 107 (12) pp1460-1470
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Having a caesarean
National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. 2004. Caesarean section. Clinical Guideline. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Press.
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Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association. 2009. ‘Your anaesthetic for caesarean section’
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Twin labour and birth
National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. 2011. ‘Multiple pregnancy: the management of twin and triplet pregnancies in the antenatal period’
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Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2008. ‘Monochorionic twin pregnancy’
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Expecting 